HTML Tutorial For Beginners: Create Your First Website Today

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML was originally based on the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a much larger, more complicated document-processing system. To write HTML pages, you won’t need to know much about SGML. Whether you want to create a basic webpage or a sophisticated website, you must first understand HTML.

Who Invented HTML?

Physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML in 1991. He created it to organize and distribute documents online.

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HTML Boilerplate (Basic Structure)

All HTML documents follow to a typical layout called a boilerplate:

Explanation

<!DOCTYPE html> : It specifies this is an HTML5 document.
<html lang="en"> : This is the root element of an HTML page, with the language specified.
<head> : It contains metadata like CSS styles, titles etc.
<meta charset="UTF-8"> : It ensures the correct display of the characters you use on your website.
<title> : It defines the title of the page.
<body> : Contains the content of the webpage.

Sorry, I mistakenly wrote “c” at the end of the closing </html> tag in the above video. Please ignore this.

HTML Headings

There are six heading tags :

Explanation:

<h1> is the most important heading.
<h6> is the least important heading.
Headings are used by search engines to understand page layout.

Caution

Don’t use headings to display text in boldface type or to make certain parts of your page stand out more. Even though the result may appear as intend, it will not properly represent the structure of your page in the markup. This comes into play for search engines, accessibility, and some browsers.

Paragraph and Line Break

Paragraphs are created using the <p> tag and <br> tag for line breaks.

Example:

How to Comment in HTML

You can put comments into HTML pages to describe the page itself or to provide some kind of indication of the status of the page. Some source code control programs store the page status in comments, for example. Text in comments is ignored when the HTML file is parsed; comments never show up onscreen- that’s why they’re comments. Comments look like the following:

<!-- This is a comment -->

How to Add an Image in HTML

After you have an image, you can include it on your web page. Inline images are placed in HTML documents using the <img> tag. This tag, like the <hr> and <br> tags, has no closing tag in HTML.

<img src="image.jpg" alt="A sample image" width="500" height="300">

Explanation

src : Indicates the location of the image file.
alt : Provides alternative text for accessibility.
width & height : Specifies the measurements of the image.

Creating Links

<a> Developers use this tag to create a hyperlink. Example:

<a href="https://www.bitramind.com">Visit My Blogging Website BitraMind Everyday👨🏾‍💻</a>

Explanation

When you create links using <a>, the link has two parts: the href attribute in the opening <a> tag, and the text between the opening and closing tags that serves as a hot spot for the link. This link tells the browser to load the website “bitramind.com“.

Horizontal Line

The <hr> tag creates a horizontal line to divide content. Example:

<p>First section</p>
<hr>
<p>Second section</p>

How to Create a Table in HTML

All the components of a table are placed within a <table>…..</table> element. Here’s the simple code example that produces the table.

<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Arpan</td>
        <td>23</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Tony</td>
        <td>60</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Riya</td>
        <td>29</td>
    </tr>
</table>

This is the output of the above code. Notice that the table starts with a <table> tag and its attributes and ends with a </table> tag.

Explanation

<table> : Creates a table.
<tr> : Defines a row.
<th> : Defines a table header.
<td> : Defines a table cell.

Creating Lists

There exist two kinds of lists: ordered and unordered.

Ordered List (`<ol>`)

<ol>
    <li>HTML</li>
    <li>CSS</li>
    <li>JavaScript</li>
</ol>

Ordered lists are surrounded by the <ol>….</ol> tags (ol stands for ordered list), and each item within the list is included in the <li>….</li> (list item) tag. When the browser displays an ordered list, it numbers and indents each of the elements sequentially. You don’t have to number the items yourself, and if you add or delete items, the browser automatically renumbers them when the page loads next time.

Ordered lists are good for steps to follow or instructions to the readers or when you want to rank the items in a list.

Unordered List (`<ul>`)

<ul>
    <li>Apple</li>
    <li>Banana</li>
    <li>Cherry</li>
</ul>

People often refer to unordered lists as bulleted lists. Each element in the list has the same marker instead of a number. The markup to create an unordered list looks just like an ordered list except that the list is created by using <ul>….</ul> tags rather than ol. The elements of the list are placed within <li> tags, just as with ordered lists.

Browsers have standardized on using a solid bullet to mark each item in an unordered list by default.

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Conclusion

This guide explained the fundamentals of HTML, featuring its structure, headings, images, tables, lists, comments, and hyperlinks. By learning these components, you can begin creating your own web pages. Continue to practice and experiment with HTML to enhance your abilities!

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